Why Water & Women?

The discourse of gender is becoming more pertinent in development studies, as academics are acknowledging that you can no longer neglect the distinct differences between women and men, regarding their experiences and identities within society. By “reflecting on gender", it is evident that societal and cultural norms are important factors in determining safe access to water and sanitation. I aim to therefore explore the complexities within urban dense spaces, specifically examining the main informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as in Kibera, Kenya.

However, before I delve into this deep and diverse topic, it is useful to gain a general understanding of the situation, in regards to international figures. For example:

• Between 2000 and 2014, more than 320 million people living in slums gained access to improved water sources, improved sanitation facilities, or durable or less crowded housing, thereby exceeding the MDG target (UN, 2014)

• These maps however, give you a spatial understanding that even though on average the MDG target has been met, on a regional dimension, Sub-Saharan Africa are still yet to meet the necessary goals and conditions for access to safe water and sanitation. (WHO & Unicef, 2014)

Due to many limitations with these target indicators, gender perspectives are not always effectively monitored and quantified. There needs to be more focus on the question of quality, affordability, equity etc. in regards to water and sanitation.

Through reviewing articles, analysing public vs. private/market strategies and drawing links between key trends in these dynamic geographical environments, I hope to paint a critical picture of the current situation and discuss the debate concerning gender vs. water/sanitation in Sub-Saharan informal settlements.